Elöljárószavak

Amit a magyar nyelvben a szó végi ragokkal fejezünk ki, azt az angolban az elöljárószavak segítségével tehetjük meg. 

Among                                  között, közül, közé

Divide these sweets among the children.
The workers talked among themselves as they waited to see the boss.
He was the only one among all my friends who supported me.

– with a share for each of
– with one another
– in the group / company of

At                                             -on, -en, -ön, -nál, -nél

The train left at 6.00 p.m.
I’ll meet you at the corner.
I studied at London.
Look at this new car.

– exact point of time
– exact positions or place
– the name of the city, town, village if we are interested in
– in the direction of

at all costs / events at once
at any rate (mérték) at peace / war
at church / the hairdresser’s / school at present
at Christmas / Easter at sea
at ease at a time
at first at the same time (as)
at hand at times
at home / the office at the weekend
at last at work
at least
at a loss / a profit
at lunch
at night

astonished at bad at clever at
good at shocked at shoot at
smile / laugh at surprised at

Between                                                     között, közé

The bank is between the post and the school.
The ferry sails between Dover and Ostend.
Just between you and me.
I can’t choose between there three dresses.

– position in the middle
– bringing two or more things / people together
– sharing sg together
– either one thing or another

Beyond                                                             vmin túl, vmin felül, kívül

The farm is beyond that field.
His story is beyond belief.
The success of the plan was beyond anything we had hoped for.

– further than (distance)
– outside the understanding or the reach of (hatótáv)
– more or better than

By                                                                   által, -tól, -től, után, -ra, -re, -nál, -nél

This book was written by Shakespeare.
This model was made by hand.
The bank is just by the Post.
By next year I’ll have finished this book.

– who does / did / will do an action
– how sg is / was / will be done
– closeness or nearness to
– not later than

by accident by sight
by air/bus/car/plane/sea/ship/train… transport by surprise
by all means by yourself / alone
by chance
by day / night
by (doing)
by far
by mistake
by post

amazed by / at astonished by / at impressed by / at
surprised by / at upset by

Except                                                      kivéve

All the boys had pens except one.
The holiday was excellent, except for the train.
He’s a good student, except that he’s always late.

– excluding (kivételével)
– -apart from + noun (kivéve)
– apart from the fact that + clause

For                                                            miatt, -ért, -ra, -re, -ig, képest, helyett

This is for you.
We’ve lived here for 3 years.
We walked for several miles.
Are you for or against nuclear weapons?
What did you do that for?
Let’s go out for a meal.
They left for America.

– intended to belong to (szándék, neked szántam)
– length of time
– distance (távolság)
– in favour of (előnyben részesít)
– reason (ok)
– purpose + noun (cél, terv)
– movement towards (mozgás)

for ever anxious for (aggódó)
for goodness’ sake as for
for heaven’s sake ask for
once and for all care for
for a while / time pay for
reason for
responsible for (felelős)
search for

From                                                 -tól, -től, -ból, -ből, -ról, -ről, óta

We travelled from Vienna to Paris by bus.
He works from 9 till 5.
Prices start from £5.
I can’t tell one from the other.

– place of origin (eredet)
– a starting point in time
– a starting point in quantity (mennyiség)
– a separation (elválasztás)

from A to Z away from
from beginning to end apart from
from head to toe hear from
from morning to night prevent from (doing)
from time to time suffer from

In                                                    -ban, -ben, -ba, -be, -on, -en, -ön

They’re in the kitchen.
We got married in 1985.
I’ll be back in an hour.
He’s in banking (the local police force) a mess. (zűr)

– place
– a point during a longer period of time – weeks, months, seasons, years, centuries
– within a certain time (belül)
– job / profession / situation

in all in half in private
in any case in a hurry in public
in bed in ink / pencil in secret
in common in love in sight
in danger in a loud voice in spite of
in debt in the morning in stock
in difficulties in my opinion in tears
in the end in other words in time
in fact in particular in turn
in general in prison in a way in a sense
dressed in
get in
interested in
succeed in
take part in

Into                                     -ba, -be

They came into the room.

– express movement towards

bump into jump into
crash into run into
get into (trouble) throw into
go into walk into

Of –                                       ból, -ből, közül, -ról, -ről, felől

The cover of his book is attractive.
He’s one of my best friends.
He died of starvation (éhezés)
A man of 40
The city of London
Made of gold
A ton / a pint / a pound of bricks / milk / butter

– belonging to (tartozik valahova)
– from among (közül)
– measure (méret)
– cause (ok)
– description (leírás)
ahead of enough of in front of
because of everyone of instead of
by means of example of lack of
cure sy of explanation of on account of
die of hundreds of on behalf of
dozens of in case of out of

proof of remind sg of several of
think of typical of

Off                                                  távoli, messzi

A title has come off the roof.
Our house is off the High Street.

– movement away from
– at a distance from

off duty get off (the bus)
off limits take off (your coat)
off work

On                                         -on, -en-, -ön, -án, -én, -kor, -ra, -re, -ról, -ről

The book is on the table.
I’ll see you on Monday.
What’s on TV tonight?
He’s written a book on insects.

– contact
– time – a particular day
– what entertainment is being offered
– what sg is about

on business on holiday
on duty on purpose
on time on sale
on foot on the whole
on the other hand

agree on
congratulate sy on
depend on
have an effect on

Out of                                                               -ból, -ből, kívül, kinn

She run out of the house.
Two out of five children have problems.
I copied the recipe out of the newspaper.
The dress was made out of a lace curtain.

– movement away from
– from among
– place of origin
– the material sg is made from

out of breath out of date
out of control out of order
out of danger out of practice
out of reach out of the question (impossible)
out of stock
out of work

Since                                                                        óta

I hadn’t seen him since 1975.
Since he had flu, he decided not to go to work.

– a starting point for actions and situations which continue up to the moment of speaking
– ’because’

To                                                                          -hoz, -hez, -höz, -ra, -re, -nak, -nek, -ba, -be, -ig

We’re going to Paris.
It’s quarter to 12.
We’ll be in the office from 5 to 6.
He won by 2 games to 3.
I prefer sleeping to working.

– in the direction of
– before (in time)
– until
– comparison

according to owing to
in addition to in order to
due to so as to

Under alá, alsó, alul, lenn

The box is under the stairs.
Please don’t sweep the dust under the carpet.
The bridge is under repair.

– beneath (alatt)
– in the process of

under control under orders
underneath = under under oath

Until / till                                                                      -ig, amíg

I’ll keep the ring until we meet again.
Stir the mixture until it thickens.

– up to a certain time
– up to the point or degree when

Up                                                                                    felfelé

Don’t run up the stairs.
He went up to the next class.

– express movement to a higher place

up-to-date ups and downs (good times and bad ones)
uphill fed up (unhappy)

With / without                                                             -val, -vel / nélkül

Be patient with the children.
He hit the burglar with a hammer.
You’ll have to go with / without me.
A room with / without a view.

– as regards (tekintet, szempont)
– instrument (műszer)
– accompanying / not accompanying (elkísér, együtt)
– having / not having

with best wishes agree with disgusted with
with / without difficulty angry with impressed with
without any fuss do without pleased with
with love filled with shivering with (cold)
with pleasure green with envy trembling with (fear)
have difficulty with (What’s) wrong with (?)